Following up on this:
Timing chain tensioner rev 06H was replaced with rev 06K. Old tensioner teeth definitely did not have as much wear as OP's, but it did look like the tips of the teeth were somewhat rounded over or flattened at the top. Retaining spring did have some visible grooves from wear, but not as advanced as OP's. I don't have a microscope to post the detail, and I also don't know what brand new teeth on the 06H revision in my vehicle had, so it is inconclusive. Mileage 119,000 and oil changes at dealer every 7-10k miles, so there must be some other kind of abnormal operating condition or manufacturing/assembly defect that can cause accelerated wear of the tensioner. If I had to guess, I doubt my tensioner would have failed within the next 100k miles from wear alone, although it is always possible that the retaining spring could come loose, which is one failure mode.
What the tech did find though was that the cam adjuster bridge/bracket (06H-103-144-J) (VVT related) had a perforated oil screen. This part is prone to perforations or being dislodged, and usually results in damage to the VVT control valve. Mine fortunately didn't appear to cause major havoc, but the bracket and valve were replaced anyways with revised versions.
Dealership also replaced the timing chain itself, which I hadn't asked for, so they comped it for me. I also had carbon cleaning and 120k mile service done, so it was a pretty massive bill.
With all of that, I did notice that there is no longer a whine from the engine, so it is possible that something they replaced was causing a whine.
Also, between the carbon cleaning and the tensioner/chain/VVT work and DSG service, the car behaves much smoothly than it did before, no strange hesitations or jerkiness.